Los linkers unen ideas y dan coherencia a un texto. En la PAU se valoran mucho en la redacción y aparecen en los ejercicios de transformación. La dificultad no está en su significado, sino en su estructura: unos van seguidos de una oración (sujeto + verbo), otros de un sustantivo o un -ing, y otros empiezan una frase nueva tras punto o punto y coma.
Objetivos
- Expresar contraste con although, even though, despite, in spite of, however, whereas
- Expresar causa y consecuencia con because, because of, due to, so, therefore, as a result
- Expresar finalidad con to, in order to, so as to, so that
- Añadir ideas con moreover, furthermore, in addition, besides, as well as
1. Contraste
| Conector | Va seguido de | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| although / even though / though | oración | Although it was raining, we went out. |
| despite / in spite of | sustantivo o -ing | Despite the rain, we went out. / In spite of being tired, she kept running. |
| despite the fact that | oración | Despite the fact that it was raining, we went out. |
| however / nevertheless | frase nueva, con coma detrás | It was raining. However, we went out. |
| whereas / while | oración (contraste entre dos datos) | I love maths, whereas my sister prefers history. |
2. Causa y consecuencia
| Tipo | Conector | Estructura | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Causa | because / as / since | + oración | As it was late, we took a taxi. |
| Causa | because of / due to / owing to | + sustantivo | The match was cancelled because of the storm. |
| Consecuencia | so | + oración (con coma antes) | It was late, so we took a taxi. |
| Consecuencia | therefore / as a result / consequently | frase nueva o tras punto y coma | Prices rose. As a result, sales fell. |
| Grado + consecuencia | so + adj. + that / such (a) + adj. + sust. + that | + oración | It was so cold that the lake froze. It was such a cold day that… |
3. Finalidad y adición
- to / in order to / so as to + infinitivo (mismo sujeto): «I got up early in order to catch the train.» Negativa: in order not to / so as not to.
- so that + oración con can / could / would (sujeto distinto o modal): «I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand.»
- moreover / furthermore / in addition (formales) al principio de frase: «Moreover, it is cheap.»
- besides / as well as / in addition to + sustantivo o -ing: «As well as being cheap, it is fast.»
Paso a paso: reescribir con despite
«Although she was ill, she went to work.»
- despite no admite oración → sustantivo o -ing.
- Mismo sujeto → despite being ill.
- Alternativas: despite her illness / despite the fact that she was ill.
Despite being ill, she went to work.
Recuerda
- although / even though + oración; despite / in spite of + sustantivo o -ing.
- however, therefore, moreover: inicio de frase, seguidos de coma.
- because + oración; because of / due to + sustantivo.
- to / in order to + infinitivo; so that + oración con can / could.
- so + adjetivo + that; such (a) + adjetivo + sustantivo + that.
¡Ahora te toca a ti!
Comprueba que lo has entendido con los ejercicios y repasa con el resumen.